Chimpanzee lifespan wild11/22/2023 ![]() Detailed, long-term datasets on life histories are rare but important for capturing survival rates at later ages, especially for long-lived species such as chimpanzees. In particular, chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) survival and mortality patterns have been studied to explore differences with other species, among populations of chimpanzees in the wild, and between wild and captive populations ( e.g., Earnhardt et al., 2003 Hill et al., 2001 Thompson et al., 2007 Muller & Wrangham, 2014 Tidière et al., 2016 Wood et al., 2017 Davison & Gurven, 2021). ![]() Studying life history patterns of non-human primates is important for understanding the evolution of human life histories and senescence ( Bronikowski et al., 2011). Survival patterns of chimpanzees in the present study will be useful for future investigation into potential causes of regional differences and cross-species comparisons. First year mortality did not differ between populations for males (18–20%), but for females it was lower in America (15%) compared to Japan (25%). In the America population, males had higher mortality rates than females, whereas in the Japan population we found no differences between the sexes. We found that birth type (wild-born or captive-born) did not influence survival patterns in either population, but there were differential effects of sex on longevity. Females who survive to their first birthday are estimated to survive 42.4 (40.0–46.3) years and males 35.5 (32.6–38.0) years. Overall, survival patterns were similar between regions, and the median life expectancy from birth is estimated at 35.7 (95% CI = ) years for females and 30.1 (27.3–34.3) years for males across both populations. Here, we present the first comparative analysis of life history data for two ex situ chimpanzee populations residing in North America (1975–2020 n = 730) and Japan (1980–2020 n = 660). As life history variables can be altered by differences in environmental influences (whether natural or artificial), there is substantial value to being able to compare across populations. Such information requires prolonged and consistent record-keeping over many generations, so for chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes), this equates to many decades of input. Detailed, long-term datasets on the life histories of long-lived species such as great apes are necessary to understand their survival patterns but are relatively rare.
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